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WHY A BOOK ABOUT JAILS?
"Most Citizens have a confused idea about jails due in part to the nation's press (which frequently uses the words jails and prisons interchangeably) and the fact that most people have never been inside a jail. Even in colleges and universities, with few exceptions, those who teach criminal justice and criminology courses are more apt to focus on prisons than jails.
Jails in the criminal justice hierarchy stand at the bottom as the stepchild of the system. Most new stories about jails concentrate on the negatives, i.e., recent escapes, poor food, riots, assaults, deteriorating physical plants, contraband smuggling, inmate/staff corruption, crowding and the omnipresent lawsuits against the facilities.
This mass of humanity moving in and out of jails presents problems, especially at the time of booking the prisoners into the jail, of a different nature and magnitude than those found in prisons-particularly in the areas of suicide, mental illness, and medical procedures."
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EXPLORING JAIL OPERATIONS
Kenneth E. Kerle
INTRODUCTION
Part I Into the World of Corrections
Part II Politics and Jails-Traveling is a Broadening Experience
CHAPTER 1 JAIL HISTORY: A SHORT VERSION
B.C. Criminal Justice
Early Jails
The Beginning of Debtors Incarceration
Breakup of the Feudal System
Jails and Punishment in Colonial America
The U.S. Jails in the Eighteenth Century
Nineteenth Century Jails
Twentieth Century Jails
Jails in the Twenty-First Century
U.S. Jail Growth and Rated Capacities
CHAPTER 2 SUICIDE AND PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
Jail Suicide
Increased Interest in Jail Suicide
Assessment of Suicide Risk
The Mentally Disturbed: A Related Jail Problem
Women Prisoners in Jail and Mental Health
TAMAR Project
Jail Treatment and Growing Numbers
Who's at Fault-Recommendations
NSA
Slow but Limited Success
Small Jails and Mental Health
The Future
CHAPTER 3 SMALL JAILS, REGIONAL JAILS, STATE JAIL SYSTEMS
How Many are There?
Constant Supervision Equals Proper Staffing
Differences in Jail Administrator Attitudes in Large Jails and Small Jails
Regionalization of Jails: Kentucky
Regional Jails in the Midwest, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, and Other States
Regionalizing Small Jails
State Jail/ Prison Systems
Pay Parity for Jail Officers: A Problem for Small Jails
CHAPTER 4 WOMEN IN JAIL WORK AND WOMEN INMATES
The Need for Trained Female Staff
Restrictions on Female Staff: Forms of Past Discrimination
Women Inmates and Their Numbers
Jail Classification for Women
Programs for Women
Careers in Jail for Women
Women Who Work for Nothing-A Dying Concept
The Female Dispatcher/Jail Supervisor
Less Money for the Same Work-Another Antiquated Idea
Women and the Podular Direct Supervision Jail
How Women Officers Can React to Inmates and Staff
Hispanic Female Officers
Sexual Harassment
The Wrong Women
CHAPTER 5 JAIL AUDITS, POLICIES, AND PROCEDURES: STIRRING UP MUCK FOR A PURPOSE
Written Guidelines and Jail Policy
Audit Procedures-the First Audit
The Federal Presence
Unhappy Marshals
Security-Control Room
Sallyports
Breaking into Jails
Inmates and Control of the Jails
The Need to Monitor Jails
CHAPTER 6 TRAINING: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
Early Jail Training
Increased Interest in Training and Jail Litigation
Jail Officer's Training Manual-1980s
Cost of Jail Training
Jail Training in West Virginia
Training for Small Jails
Bill Bain's Jail Training and Kentucky's Training Evolution
Kansas and Jail Training
The California Model
Urban Jail Training
Philadelphia Prison System
Police Lockups, Jails, Suicides, and Impulse Control
Training and the Jail Culture
State Jail Associations
American Jail Association and Training
CHAPTER 7 CROWDING
The Addiction to Locking People Up
Understanding Crowding
Dealing with Jail Crowding
Cheaper Punishment Options to Relieve Jail Crowding
Jail Population Management Committees
The Population Release Matrix System
The Growth of Punitive Sentencing
Ending Jail Time
Holding State Inmates
Making Money Holding Inmates
Operating a Crowded Jail
The Stress Factor on Staff and Inmates
CHAPTER 8 INSPECTIONS
NSA Guidelines, Accreditation, Difference from State Standards
State Standards: Development and Problems
NIC Jail Inspection Survey
A Statistically Based Jail Inspection Program
CHAPTER 9 JAILS: THE MEDICAL APPROACH
The Privatization of Jail Medical Programs
The National Commission on Correctional Health Care
Serious Health Issues Confronting Jails Today
Inmate Health Care Education and Health Fairs
Inmate Illness and Treatment
Payment by Inmates for Health Care Services
SARS
CHAPTER 10 PROGRAMS
Increase in Jail Program by 1999
Drug and Alcohol Treatment
DWI, DUI, OUI
Jail Industries
Education
Education Programs for Jail Staff
Other Programs
CHAPTER 11 TECHNOLOGY
Jail Construction, Design, New Technology, Integrating the System
Modular Jails and Tents
The Mockup Jail
Closed-Circuit Television in Jails and Courts
Video Visitation
Telemedicine
Solar Energy
Robotics
Computers
Inmates and Automation
CORMIS
Computers and Small Jails
Computerized Training
Technology and the Future
CHAPTER 12 CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Race, Statistics, Foreigners, and Criminal Justice
Training
Language Training
Indian Jail in the United States
Hispanics
Bilingual Jail Staff
Multicultural Discord
Gangs-Their Multicultural Propensity
Recruiting Representative Jail Staff
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Screening
CHAPTER 13 LEGAL ISSUES
Why Jails Get Sued
Numbers of Lawsuits and Who's Doing the Suing
Jails Often Worse Than Prisons
Impact of Lawsuits
Number of Jail Jurisdictions Under Court Order or Consent Degree
Legal Issues Training
Consent Decrees
Cooperating with the Opposition: The L.A. County Jail Approach
Restraints, Positional Asphyxia, and Avoiding Suicide Litigation
Counties and Court Litigation
Who Wins and Who Loses?
Congressional Activity
Arresting and Jail Minor Offenders
CHAPTER 14 DIRECT SUPERVISION MANAGEMENT
Direct Supervision: Its Definition
Federal Metropolitan Correctional Center and Direct Supervision
Podular Direct Supervision
The Philosophical Principles of Direct Supervision
Pod Management Challenges
Hiring the Right People
Research and Direct Supervision
Direct Supervision: Where Is It Today?
CHAPTER 15 JUVENILES
Some Definitions
OJJDP
Children in Jail
Juvenile Lawsuits
Juveniles Held Juvenile Facilities
Juveniles and Violence
Recent Trends
Types of Changes in Laws
Getting the Status Offenders Out of Jails
State Approaches to Locking Up Juveniles
Getting Juveniles Out of Kansas Jails
Orange County Corrections Department Juvenile Residential Secure School
Special Education Programs for Juveniles in Virginia Jails
Programs for Youth in the Criminal Justice System
Criminal Justice Students Mentor Children in Jail
Juvenile Gangs in Jails
Training to Managing the Juvenile in Jail
CHAPTER 16 JAILS: THE GLASS HALF FULL
The Future of Jails-Demographics and Minorities
Jail Management and Training
Direct Supervision
Women in the Jail Setting and Treatment Programs
Regional Jails-A Slow but Growing Trend
Jails, the American Jail Association, Academe, and Technology
Media Treatment of Jails and E-Mail
Jails and Privatization
About the Author...
Ken Kerle, Ph.D., has spent more than 30 years in the field of local corrections. He has personally visited (up to 2004) 778 jails in 48 States and numerous penal institutions in the United States, Canada, and 20 countries in Europe and Asia. He was appointed managing editor of American Jails magazine when it made its debut in 1987. He spent 10 years in academe and taught at the community college, college, and university levels. He inaugurated the "jails and academe" column in American Jails magazine in 1999 and established and "jails and academe" panel, an annual feature of the American Jail Association's yearly training conference. He encourages professors who teach criminal justice to tour their local jails with their students and to establish jail internships to give students a practical exposure to the jail environment. The jail is a community agency and Ken believes academics who teach criminal justice subjects need to learn more about jails. An excellent first step is to read this book!
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